1
Q
bezoar
A
hair ball
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2
Q
4 regions of stomach
A
cardia
fundus
body (corpus)
Antrum (pyloric)
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3
Q
longitudinal folds within stomach mucosa that disappear when full
A
rugae
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4
Q
stomach pacemaker
A
ICC
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5
Q
initiates peristaltic movement of chyme
A
ICC
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6
Q
this stomach layer shortens the stomach
A
longitudinal layer
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7
Q
this stomach layer allows chyme to travel to pyloric sphincter
A
circular layer
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8
Q
this stomach layer allows for churning of chyme aiding in digestion
A
oblique layer
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9
Q
purpose of this in stomach is to reduce friction; thin connective tissue covered w/ serous epithelium
A
serosa
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10
Q
A
L: liver
middle: stomach
R: spleen
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11
Q
body of pancreas meets where
A
near stomach and duodenum
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12
Q
tail of pancreas always meets where
A
at root of spleen
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13
Q
explain Nutcracker syndrome
A
pt has enlarged testicl* due to L renal vein being squeezed b/t aorta and superior mesenteric a. (pt. lost a lot of weight quickly and lost mesenteric fat)
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14
Q
2 retroperitoneal organs
A
pancreas and duodenum
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15
Q
lesser omentum 2 ligaments attach where
A
liver to stomach and liver to duodenum
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16
Q
nerve supply to stomach
A
vagus n. and celiac trunk
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17
Q
main arteries to stomach (name 5)
A
celiac a.
gastric a.
splenic a.
common and proper hepatic a.
gastroepiploic a.
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18
Q
lymphatic drainage of stomach goes where
A
Cisterna chyli to thoracic duct
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19
Q
what sympathetics supply the stomach
A
greater splanchnic nerves (T5-9)
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20
Q
how do you know you are in body of stomach when looking at histologic slide
A
see gastric pits and glands
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21
Q
4 main layers of stomach from inside to outside
A
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis propria/externa
serosa
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22
Q
body or antrum of stomach
A
antrum (not as dense)
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23
Q
3 layers of stomach mucosa
A
epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae
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24
Q
body (corpus) of stomach contains what 4 cells
A
parietal
chief
endocrine (D and G cells)
mucous
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25
Q
main cell in intestine
A
goblet cell
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26
Q
these cells make HCl and intrinsic factor
A
parietal cells
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27
Q
what is needed for resorption of vitamin B12
A
intrinsic factor
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28
Q
these cells make pepsinogen to pepsin
A
chief cells
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29
Q
D cells make what
A
somatostatin
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30
Q
G cells make what
A
gastrin
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31
Q
inhibits acid secretion
A
somatostatin
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32
Q
stimulates acid secretion
A
gastrin
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33
Q
what substance is secreted when we are hungry and increases appetite
A
Ghrelin
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34
Q
product used for protein digestion
A
pepsin
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35
Q
product used for carbohydrate digestion
A
amylase
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36
Q
product used for fat digestion
A
lipase
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37
Q
used to neutralize stomach acid before entering duodenum
A
HCO3 (bicarbonate)
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38
Q
part of stomach
A
L: body (corpus)
R: antrum
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39
Q
parietal cells found where
A
body (corpus of stomach)
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40
Q
gastrin found in what part of stomach
A
antrum
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41
Q
L arrow
R arrow
A
L: parietal cell (pink cytoplasm)
R: chief cell (blue cytoplasm)
42
Q
what activates gastric activity in stomach
A
swallowed food
43
Q
3 things that stimulate gastric secretion
A
Ach
histamine
gastrin
44
Q
what shuts down HCl producing system of parietal cell
A
somatostatin and PGE2
45
Q
intestinal phase of digestion happens when
A
when chyme enters
46
Q
CCK increases or suppresses appetite
A
suppresses
47
Q
insulin increases or suppresses appetite
A
suppresses
48
Q
leptin stimulates or inhibits hunger
A
inhibits
49
Q
CCK produced by
A
I cells in duodenum
50
Q
stimulates gallbladder to contract and release bile and stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice
A
CCK
51
Q
secretin’s action on the pancreas
A
secrete pancreatic enzymes
52
Q
both secretin and CCK inhibit what
A
gastric secretion when contents are ready to enter duodenum
53
Q
_____foods slow down stomach movement and digestion
A
fatty
54
Q
2 places alcohol(ethanol) is absorbed
A
oral cavity and stomach
55
Q
narrowing of pyloric sphincter
A
pyloric stenosis
56
Q
baby projectile vomits after feeding
A
pyloric stenosis
57
Q
mushroom sign
A
pyloric stenosis
58
Q
B12 not able to be bound to intrinsic factor and absorbed and therefore vitamin B12 deficiency
A
Pernicious Anemia
59
Q
swollen tongue, pallor, fatigue
A
anemia
60
Q
____ deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia and megablastic anemia
A
vitamin B12
61
Q
> 4 lobes in neutrophil
A
megaloblastic anemia
62
Q
A
H. pylori
63
Q
inflammation of stomach mucosa seen w/ sx’s of indigestion, N/V
A
acute gastritis
64
Q
main cause of acute gastritis
A
H. pylori
65
Q
A
hemorrhagic acute gastritis
66
Q
A
hemorrhage acute gastritis
67
Q
A
acute gastritis
68
Q
A
normal stomach mucosa
69
Q
N/V, indigestion + WEIGHT LOSS
A
chronic gastritis
70
Q
histologic finding of chronic gastritis
A
metaplastic or dysplastic epithelium
71
Q
A
intestinal metaplasia seen in chronic gastritis
72
Q
Right?
A
chronic gastritis
73
Q
A
chronic gastritis
74
Q
painful ulcers of stomach +/or duodenum
A
peptic ulcer disease
75
Q
H. pylori infections in _______ have greatest risk for _____
A
duodenum
peptic ulcer disease
76
Q
______ increase the pain of an ulcer but do not cause an ulcer
A
spicy food
77
Q
ulcer caused by increased intracranial pressure
A
Cushing ulcer
78
Q
ulcer caused by severe burns
A
Curling ulcer
79
Q
A
ulcer
80
Q
what ulcer is life threatening
A
bleeding posterior wall gastric ulcer
81
Q
posterior wall gastric ulcer risk bursting what artery
A
gastroduodenal a.
82
Q
stomach bulges into chest; Z line elevates
A
sliding hiatal hernia
83
Q
A
sliding hiatal hernia
84
Q
untreated H.pylori infection; alcohol and smoking and blood type A can cause this
A
intestinal type adenocarcinoma (gastric carcinoma)
85
Q
this type of gastric cancer is seen in older adults
A
intestinal type
86
Q
hereditary associated w/ CDH1 gene mutation
A
diffuse type adenocarcinoma (gastric cancer)
87
Q
this type of gastric cancer deals with younger adults
A
diffuse type
88
Q
3 places to check before you know you have stomach cancer
A
supraclavicular node
periumbilical node
ovaries
89
Q
another name for supraclavicular node
A
Virchow node
90
Q
another name for periumbilical node
A
Sister Mary Joseph nodule
91
Q
another name for mass around ovaries to identify gastric carcinoma
A
Krukenberg node
92
Q
TNM staging for gastric cancers
A
tumor size
nodes
metastasis
93
Q
A
intestinal type gastric carcinoma
94
Q
metaplasia into dysplasia
A
intestinal type gastric carcinoma
95
Q
metaplasia into dysplasia
A
intestinal type gastric carcinoma
96
Q
thick walled stomach
A
diffuse type gastric carcinoma
97
Q
spread of signet ring cells
A
diffuse type gastric carcinoma
98
Q
A
diffuse type gastric carcinoma
99
Q
A
diffuse type gastric carcinoma
100
Q
A
signet ring cells
